OCEAN OF KNOWLEDGE

Types of Ovules                                          We have now seen different types of ovules on the basis of nucellar features. But ovules in the angiosperms exhibit diversity with respect to their size, degree of ovule curvature, nucellus thickness, integument number and thickness, formation of micropyle, funiculus length, degree of vasculature etc. The most commonly used classification of ovules is based on their orientation and curvature. There are mainly six types of ovules:     Orthotropous or Atropous ovule            i)  The body of the ovule is straight and errect.              ii)  The chalaza and the micropyle remain in one line.             iii)   It is considered as the most primitive ovule.             iv)...

WHAT IS ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT? The  electrochemical gradient  is composed of a chemical force (the  ions ' concentration  gradient ) and an  electrical  force (the effect of the membrane potential on the  ions ' movement). ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT OF ION ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE? An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane. The gradient consists of two parts, the chemical gradient, or difference in solute concentration across a membrane, and the electrical gradient, or difference in charge across a membrane. When there are unequal concentrations of an ion across a permeable membrane, the ion will move across the membrane from the area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration through simple diffusion. Ions also carry an electric charge that forms an electric potential across a membrane. If there is an unequal distribution of charges across the membrane, then ...

     Organs and Organ Systems Your body is an amazing machine! Tissues are organized into organs and organs are  organized into organ systems. Get ready—in the upcoming lessons in this learning  package you will learn about four of the major body systems: • the circulatory system • the respiratory system  • the digestive system • the excretory system

What is Blood? Blood circulates through the body delivering nutrients and removing waste materials. Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets all suspended in plasma. Plasma- About 55% of your blood is made up of plasma. Plasma is a liquid made up of proteins, minerals, dissolved salts, and water. Red Blood Cells- Your body produces two million red blood cells every second. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen from your lungs to your cells and for carrying carbon dioxide from your cells to your lungs where it is exhaled. White Blood Cells- White blood cells defend the body against attack from foreign organisms, such as bacteria and some viruses and form antibodies that protect the body from future attacks. If the body is invaded by harmful organisms, the production of white blood cells increases dramatically. When a white blood cell encounters a smaller organism, it simply engulfs it. If the invading organism is larger, a number of whi...

Agent that include mutation are known as MUTAGENS. Mutagen may be different kind of radiation certain chemical . the different mutagen maybe group as follow          1. Physical mutagen                 A. Ionizing radiation                       i) particulate radiation that include x-ray, gamma ray,beta Ray etc                      ii) non particulate radiation                             B.  Nonionizing radiation i.e                                           ultraviolet radiation         2. Chemical mutagens              A. Alkylating agent- i.e sulphur mustards, nitr...